Development of Adaptive Sensing Algorithm for Minimizing Energy and Bandwidth Consumption in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Technology

Optimized consumption of energy and bandwidth is crucial for efficient utilization of the limited electromagnetic spectrum for telecommunication purposes. Cognitive radio is one of the dynamic spectrum management applications with numerous benefits related to the management of available spectrum. But it has the challenge of high energy and bandwidth usage when the cooperative scheme of spectrum sensing is applied for accurate sensing. In this paper, an adaptive spectrum sensing algorithm was developed to minimize energy and bandwidth consumption in cognitive radio spectrum sensing while ensuring accurate spectrum sensing. The adaptive algorithm was developed based on the signal-to-noise ratio conditions of the channel. Results reveal that the energy and bandwidth usage by the cooperative spectrum sensing can be significantly reduced without negatively affecting the performance and detection of the cognitive radio in varying noisy condition

Optimizing Energy Utilization in Unequally Spaced Linear Array for Smart Antenna

Radiation in the form of unwanted patterns, energy wastage and reduction is caused by high side lobe levels in a radiation pattern. This, in turn, affects the overall performance of the antenna. The purpose of this work is to improve the performance of a smart antenna by optimizing the radiation pattern using the genetic algorithm. Optimal antenna parameters that would minimize side lobe level were obtained using genetic algorithm. Simulations were carried out to determine the impact of the increase in inter-element spacing on array factor and beamwidth using the optimal antenna parameters. The optimal arrangement of inter-element spacing and number of elements in unequally spaced antenna elements were then considered. The array factor model for a uniform linear array of elements was used to obtain the optimum weights that would give the desired radiation pattern with reduced side lobe level. Results for the unequally spaced linear arrays revealed that non-tapered arrangement among all the possible configurations gave the best improvement in the side lobe level. The outcome of this improvement is an optimized radiation pattern which is expected to aid the reduction of radiated power wasted in the side lobes of linear arrays in antenna systems